Cientistas americanos anunciaram nesta segunda-feira ter criado camundongos autistas, eliminando um grupo de genes, com a esperança de avançar no diagnóstico e no tratamento desta doença em seres humanos.
Estudos anteriores já tinham sugerido que causas genéticas podem ser as responsáveis por este transtorno do desenvolvimento, que pode causar dificuldades de relacionamento social, reprodução de movimentos repetitivos, sensibilidade a certas luzes e sons, além de problemas de comportamento.
Algumas crianças autistas têm uma pequena supressão no cromossomo 16, que afeta 27 genes, razão pela qual cientistas do Laboratório Cold Spring Harbor, em Nova York decidiram tentar alterar geneticamente um grupo de cobaias para que tivessem a mesma mutação genética.
"A ideia de que esta supressão pudesse ser a causa do autismo era emocionante", disse a professora Alea Mills, uma das autoras do estudo, publicado nas Atas da Academia Nacional de Ciências.
"Assim, nos perguntamos se retirar o mesmo conjunto de genes nos ratos teria algum efeito", acrescentou.
Estudos anteriores já tinham sugerido que causas genéticas podem ser as responsáveis por este transtorno do desenvolvimento, que pode causar dificuldades de relacionamento social, reprodução de movimentos repetitivos, sensibilidade a certas luzes e sons, além de problemas de comportamento.
Algumas crianças autistas têm uma pequena supressão no cromossomo 16, que afeta 27 genes, razão pela qual cientistas do Laboratório Cold Spring Harbor, em Nova York decidiram tentar alterar geneticamente um grupo de cobaias para que tivessem a mesma mutação genética.
"A ideia de que esta supressão pudesse ser a causa do autismo era emocionante", disse a professora Alea Mills, uma das autoras do estudo, publicado nas Atas da Academia Nacional de Ciências.
"Assim, nos perguntamos se retirar o mesmo conjunto de genes nos ratos teria algum efeito", acrescentou.
A pesquisa demonstrou que os camundongos alterados apresentaram comportamentos similares aos observados em pessoas com autismo: hiperatividade, dificuldade para dormir, para se adaptar a novos ambientes e a execução de movimentos repetitivos.
"Os camundongos com a supressão agiram de forma completamente diferente dos camundongos normais", explicou Guy Horev, outro cientista.
Os pesquisadores também descobriram que aproximadamente a metade dos camundongos autistas morreu pouco após seu nascimento. Estudos futuros poderão revelar se este déficit genético pode estar relacionado com mortes inexplicáveis de bebês.
Ao examinar o cérebro dos camundongos em exames de ressonância magnética, os cientistas conseguiram identificar quais regiões são alteradas nos animais autistas.
Este conhecimento pode ajudar os cientistas a determinar a base fisiológica do autismo, que afeta cerca de 1% das crianças nos Estados Unidos, e possivelmente levar a diagnóstico e tratamento precoces.
As crianças que têm autismo, caracterizado por uma série de transtornos relacionados com uma química cerebral anormal, costumam ser diagnosticados por volta dos três anos de idade.
Segundo especialistas, os meninos correm de três a quatro vezes mais riscos de sofrer de autismo do que as meninas.
"Os camundongos com a supressão agiram de forma completamente diferente dos camundongos normais", explicou Guy Horev, outro cientista.
Os pesquisadores também descobriram que aproximadamente a metade dos camundongos autistas morreu pouco após seu nascimento. Estudos futuros poderão revelar se este déficit genético pode estar relacionado com mortes inexplicáveis de bebês.
Ao examinar o cérebro dos camundongos em exames de ressonância magnética, os cientistas conseguiram identificar quais regiões são alteradas nos animais autistas.
Este conhecimento pode ajudar os cientistas a determinar a base fisiológica do autismo, que afeta cerca de 1% das crianças nos Estados Unidos, e possivelmente levar a diagnóstico e tratamento precoces.
As crianças que têm autismo, caracterizado por uma série de transtornos relacionados com uma química cerebral anormal, costumam ser diagnosticados por volta dos três anos de idade.
Segundo especialistas, os meninos correm de três a quatro vezes mais riscos de sofrer de autismo do que as meninas.
Fonte:iG
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